{"id":9718,"date":"2024-10-09T05:00:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T05:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gpph-group.com\/?p=9718"},"modified":"2025-02-21T06:48:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T06:48:59","slug":"nitratli-kaynak-tablolari-bilmeniz-gereken-olumsuz-gercekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gpph-group.com\/tr\/haberler\/nitratli-kaynak-tablolari-bilmeniz-gereken-olumsuz-gercekler\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitratl\u0131 kaynak tablolar\u0131: Bilmeniz gereken olumsuz ger\u00e7ekler!\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nitratl\u0131 kaynak tablolar\u0131: Bilmeniz gereken olumsuz ger\u00e7ekler! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Makale, kaynak s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 ve elektrik ark tutukluklar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u011fin nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabakas\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 makalesinde sunulan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya dayanmaktad\u0131r. 
Bulgular Welding Technology Review dergisinde yay\u0131mland\u0131 www.pspaw.pl<\/a> – Vol. 96, 2024, str. 155-160 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazarlar: Aleksander Or\u0142owicz1<\/a><\/sup>, Dariusz Paj\u0105k2<\/a><\/sup>, Paulina Sobolewska3<\/a><\/sup>, Tomasz Galek4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\nMakalenin Leh\u00e7e orijinalini ve \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisini bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n sonunda g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/em> <\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak masalar\u0131n\u0131n nitr\u00fcrlenmesi mant\u0131kl\u0131 m\u0131? Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u00fcrleme, \u00e7elik y\u00fczeylerin sertli\u011fini ve a\u015f\u0131nma direncini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in teorize edilen bir i\u015flemdir. Bu nedenle, baz\u0131 \u00fcreticiler daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmalar\u0131 umuduyla bu y\u00f6ntemi kaynak masalar\u0131na uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar pratikte kaynak tablalar\u0131n\u0131n nitr\u00fcrlenmesinin sadece verimsiz ve maliyetli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda kaynak tablas\u0131 y\u00fczeyinin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na da zarar verdi\u011fini<\/strong> g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u00fcrleme neden i\u015fe yaras\u0131n ki?<\/em><\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u00fcrleme, sertliklerini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7elik y\u00fczeylere nitrojen eklenmesini i\u00e7erir. Bu i\u015flem, kaynak tablalar\u0131n\u0131 tala\u015f ve hasara kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirmek isteyen \u015firketler i\u00e7in cazip g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ancak sorun \u015fu ki, teorik avantajlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f kaplama, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ona zarar verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in kaynak ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda pratikte iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ne diyor?<\/em><\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Testler, nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f y\u00fczeyin<\/strong>, daha y\u00fcksek sertli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, s\u0131cak s\u0131\u00e7ramaya ve elektrik ark\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Is\u0131ya maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tabaka h\u0131zla \u00e7atlar ve soyulur, kaynak masas\u0131na zarar verir<\/strong>. Temel sorun, nitr\u00fcrlemenin malzemenin \u00fcst katman\u0131na n\u00fcfuz etmesi ve onu uygun termal genle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nleyecek<\/strong> bir yo\u011funlu\u011fa kadar doldurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7, malzeme d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fleyemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k nedeniyle \u00e7atlaklard\u0131r<\/strong>. Bu durum, literat\u00fcre g\u00f6re basma gerilmelerinin zaten mevcut oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede do\u011frusal termal genle\u015fme katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferindeki yerel h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015fla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Bu, nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabakan\u0131n tamamen bozulmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/strong> B\u00f6yle bir masa, yaln\u0131zca masan\u0131n \u00fcst katman\u0131na \u0131s\u0131 girmeyen i\u015flemlerde iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2, kaynak s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131na maruz kald\u0131ktan sonra nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f ve nitr\u00fcrlenmemi\u015f y\u00fczeyler aras\u0131ndaki bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f y\u00fczeyin, teorik sertli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha fazla hasara u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. (\u00c7izimler makale, sayfa 157<\/em>'den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Rys.
Rys<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>2<\/em><\/strong>. Deney i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan S355J2+N \u00e7elik test plakas\u0131, yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u015ferit ve elektrodun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc - a) ve nitr\u00fcrlenmemi\u015f - b) ve nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f - c) plakalar\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde olu\u015fan s\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekiller (\u015eekil 4 ve \u015eekil 5) kaynak s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131n\u0131n nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f y\u00fczey \u00fczerindeki etkilerini g\u00f6stermektedir; burada tabakada belirgin \u00e7atlama, ufalanma ve soyulma g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. (\u00c7izimler makale, sayfa 158<\/em>'den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Rys.
Rys. 4. <\/em><\/strong>Sol \u00fcstte g\u00f6r\u00fclen, par\u00e7alanma metali damlac\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan termal olarak etkilenen ezilmi\u015f nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f katman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Rys.
Rys. 5.<\/strong> Bir metal par\u00e7alanma damlac\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan termal olarak etkilenen ezilmi\u015f nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabakan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, kaynak s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131n\u0131n nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f y\u00fczeyin h\u0131zla bozulmas\u0131na<\/strong> neden olan bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, elektrik ark\u0131 nitr\u00fcrlerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden olarak sert y\u00fczeyin g\u00f6zenekli hale gelmesine ve i\u015flevini yerine getirememesine <\/strong>neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekillerde (\u015eekil 6 ve \u015eekil 7) g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, ark\u0131n etkisi nitr\u00fcrlerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve g\u00f6zenekli, hasarl\u0131 bir y\u00fczey olu\u015fturmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. (\u00c7izimler makale, sayfa 159<\/em>'dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Rys.6.
Rys.6.<\/strong> Termal ark ate\u015flemesinin nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f katman ve alt tabaka malzemesi \u00fczerindeki etkilerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. Nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabaka azot buharla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak bozunmu\u015ftur (\u00fcstte). Altta: h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011futulmu\u015f \u00f6stenit d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri. <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Rys.
Rys. 7.<\/strong> Termal ark ate\u015flemesinin nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f katman ve alt tabaka malzemesi \u00fczerindeki etkilerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. \u00dcst: Nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabaka azotun buharla\u015fmas\u0131yla bozunmu\u015f. Alt: H\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011futulmu\u015f \u00f6stenitin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri. <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f kaynak masalar\u0131 - faydadan \u00e7ok sorun.<\/em><\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u00fcrleme ilk bak\u0131\u015fta mant\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, pratikte nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f katman zorlu kaynak ko\u015fullar\u0131na dayanamayacak kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r. Tablay\u0131 korumak yerine, \u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131\u00e7rama nedeniyle \u00e7atlar. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabaka, kaynak masalar\u0131n\u0131 kaynak s\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131n\u0131n ve tutukluklar\u0131n\u0131n bozucu etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li hale getirmez. <\/strong> S\u0131v\u0131 metal damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n termal etkileri sonucunda nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabakada enine \u00e7atlaklar, boyuna \u00e7atlaklar ve delaminasyon olu\u015fur. Kaynak s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi s\u00fcrecinde, nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f tabakan\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131, bozuldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerden soyulur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir kaynak masas\u0131 istiyorsan\u0131z, nitr\u00fcrlenmi\u015f modellerden ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131zda fayda var<\/strong>. Bu i\u015flem sertlik ve esneklik vaat etse de, ger\u00e7ekte bu masalar kaynak alt\u0131nda h\u0131zla bozulur<\/strong>. Nitr\u00fcrleme i\u00e7in fazla \u00f6deme yapmak yerine, bu katmana sahip olmayan sa\u011flam kaynak masalar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya de\u011fer<\/strong>. Gereksiz ek kaplamalar olmadan dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tablalar, zorlu kaynak ko\u015fullar\u0131nda daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterecek ve \u0131s\u0131ya ve hasara kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. S\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131n yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin tek yolu, kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f bir s\u0131\u00e7rama \u00f6nleyici kimyasal kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

PL Degradacja warstwy azotowanej stali pod dzia\u0142aniem odprysk\u00f3w spawalniczych i zajarze\u0144 \u0142uku elektrycznego.<\/div>