{"id":9718,"date":"2024-10-09T05:00:02","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T05:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gpph-group.com\/?p=9718"},"modified":"2025-02-21T06:48:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T06:48:59","slug":"nitreti-metinasanas-galdi-negativi-fakti-kas-jums-jazina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gpph-group.com\/lv\/zinas\/nitreti-metinasanas-galdi-negativi-fakti-kas-jums-jazina\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitr\u0113ti metin\u0101\u0161anas galdi: negat\u012bvi fakti, kas jums j\u0101zina!\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nitr\u0113ti metin\u0101\u0161anas galdi: negat\u012bvi fakti, kas jums j\u0101zina! <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Raksts ir balst\u012bts uz zin\u0101tniskiem p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, kas izkl\u0101st\u012bti rakst\u0101 \"T\u0113rauda nitr\u012bd\u0113t\u0101 sl\u0101\u0146a degrad\u0101cija metin\u0101\u0161anas \u0161\u013cakatu un elektrisk\u0101 loka uzliesmojumu ietekm\u0113.\" 
P\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101ti public\u0113ti \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 Welding Technology Review www.pspaw.pl<\/a> – Vol. 96, 2024, str. 155-160 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autori: Aleksander Or\u0142owicz1<\/a><\/sup>, Dariusz Paj\u0105k2<\/a><\/sup>, Paulina Sobolewska3<\/a><\/sup>, Tomasz Galek4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\nJ\u016bs varat apskat\u012bt ori\u0123in\u0101lo rakstu po\u013cu valod\u0101 un t\u0101 tulkojumu ang\u013cu valod\u0101 \u0161\u012b raksta beig\u0101s.<\/em> <\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Vai ir j\u0113ga metin\u0101\u0161anas galdu nitr\u0113\u0161anai? P\u0113t\u012bjuma rezult\u0101ti ir skaidri.<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nitrid\u0113\u0161ana ir process, kas teor\u0113tiski paredz\u0113ts t\u0113rauda virsmu ciet\u012bbas un nodilumiztur\u012bbas uzlabo\u0161anai. \u0160\u0101 iemesla d\u0113\u013c da\u017ei ra\u017eot\u0101ji ir s\u0101ku\u0161i izmantot \u0161o metodi metin\u0101\u0161anas galdiem, cerot, ka tie kalpos ilg\u0101k. Tom\u0113r jaun\u0101kie p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka praks\u0113 metin\u0101\u0161anas galdu nitrid\u0113\u0161ana ir ne tikai neefekt\u012bva un d\u0101rga, bet pat kait\u0113 metin\u0101\u0161anas galda virsmas iztur\u012bbai<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101p\u0113c nitr\u012bd\u0113\u0161ana b\u016btu lietder\u012bga?<\/em><\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nitrid\u0113\u0161ana ietver sl\u0101pek\u013ca ievad\u012b\u0161anu t\u0113rauda virsm\u0101s, lai palielin\u0101tu to ciet\u012bbu. \u0160is process \u0161\u0137ita pievilc\u012bgs uz\u0146\u0113mumiem, kas v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s padar\u012bt metin\u0101\u0161anas galdus iztur\u012bg\u0101kus pret atl\u016bz\u0101m un boj\u0101jumiem. Tom\u0113r probl\u0113ma ir t\u0101, ka, neraugoties uz teor\u0113tiskaj\u0101m priek\u0161roc\u012bb\u0101m, nitrid\u0113tais p\u0101rkl\u0101jums praks\u0113 metin\u0101\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos nedarbojas labi, jo tam kait\u0113 augstas temperat\u016bras <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko liecina p\u0113t\u012bjumi?<\/em><\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Testi liecina, ka nitr\u012bd\u0113t\u0101 virsma, neraugoties uz t\u0101s augst\u0101ko ciet\u012bbu, ir \u013coti trausla, ja to pak\u013cauj karstu \u0161\u013cakatu un elektrisk\u0101 loka iedarb\u012bbai. Karstuma ietekm\u0113 sl\u0101nis \u0101tri saplais\u0101 un nolob\u0101s, saboj\u0101jot metin\u0101\u0161anas galdu<\/strong>. Galven\u0101 probl\u0113ma ir t\u0101, ka nitr\u012bd\u0113\u0161ana iek\u013c\u016bst materi\u0101la aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b un aizpilda to l\u012bdz t\u0101dam bl\u012bvumam, ka t\u0101 nov\u0113r\u0161 pien\u0101c\u012bgu termisko izple\u0161anos. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 rodas plaisas<\/strong> augst\u0101s temperat\u016bras d\u0113\u013c, jo materi\u0101ls nevar pien\u0101c\u012bgi izplesties. To var izskaidrot ar lok\u0101lu strauju line\u0101r\u0101s termisk\u0101s izple\u0161an\u0101s koeficienta v\u0113rt\u012bbas strauju palielin\u0101\u0161anos zon\u0101, kur\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar literat\u016bras datiem jau ir saspie\u0161anas spriegumi. T\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 notiek nitr\u012bd\u0113t\u0101 sl\u0101\u0146a piln\u012bga degrad\u0101cija.<\/strong> \u0160\u0101ds galds labi darbosies tikai t\u0101d\u0101s oper\u0101cij\u0101s, kur\u0101s netiek ievad\u012bts karstums galda aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. att\u0113l\u0101 redzams nitr\u012bd\u0113to un ne-nitr\u012bd\u0113to virsmu sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums p\u0113c metin\u0101\u0161anas \u0161\u013cakatu iedarb\u012bbas. Skaidri redzams, ka nitr\u012bd\u0113t\u0101 virsma, neraugoties uz t\u0101s teor\u0113tisko ciet\u012bbu, cie\u0161 iev\u0113rojami liel\u0101kus boj\u0101jumus. (Skic\u0113ts no raksta 157. lpp., 157. lpp.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Rys.
Rys<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em>2<\/em><\/strong>. Eksperimentam sagatavot\u0101s S355J2+N t\u0113rauda testa pl\u0101ksnes, pal\u012bglentes un elektroda skats - a) un skats uz nnitr\u0113t\u0101s - b) un nitr\u0113t\u0101s - c) pl\u0101ksnes virsmas. <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u0101kamajos att\u0113los (4. un 5. att.) par\u0101d\u012bta metin\u0101\u0161anas \u0161\u013cakatu ietekme uz nitr\u012bd\u0113to virsmu, kur redzamas skaidras plaisas, sl\u0101\u0146a drupin\u0101\u0161ana un lob\u012b\u0161an\u0101s. (Skices no raksta 158. lpp., 158. lpp.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\n
\"Rys.
Rys. 4. <\/em><\/strong>Skats uz sasmalcin\u0101to nitr\u012bd\u0113to sl\u0101ni, ko termiski ietekm\u0113ja met\u0101la piliens, redzams aug\u0161pus\u0113 pa kreisi.<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Rys.
Rys. 5.<\/strong> Skats uz sasmalcin\u0101tu nitr\u012bda sl\u0101ni, ko termiski ietekm\u0113ja met\u0101la atdal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s piliens <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka metin\u0101\u0161anas \u0161\u013cakatu temperat\u016bra ir t\u0101da, kas izraisa \u0101trunitr\u012bd\u0113t\u0101s virsmas boj\u0101\u0161anos<\/strong>. Savuk\u0101rt elektriskais loks izraisa nitr\u012bdu sadal\u012b\u0161anos, padarot cieto virsmu p\u0101rejo\u0161u un nepilda savu funkciju <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101 redzams att\u0113los (6. att\u0113ls un 7. att\u0113ls), loka iedarb\u012bba izraisa nitr\u012bdu sabruk\u0161anu un porainas, boj\u0101tas virsmas veido\u0161anos. (Izz\u012bm\u0113jumi no raksta 159. lpp., 159. lpp.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Rys.6.
Rys.6.<\/strong> Skats uz termisk\u0101 loka aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s ietekmi uz nitr\u012bd\u0113to sl\u0101ni un substr\u0101ta materi\u0101lu. Sl\u0101\u0146a sl\u0101pek\u013ca iztvaiko\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101 degrad\u0113tais nitr\u012bda sl\u0101nis (aug\u0161\u0101). Apak\u0161\u0101: p\u0101rdzes\u0113ta austen\u012bta transform\u0101cijas produkti, kas veidojas straujas dzes\u0113\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos. <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Rys.
Rys. 7.<\/strong> Skats uz termisk\u0101 loka aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s ietekmi uz nitr\u012bd\u0113to sl\u0101ni un substr\u0101ta materi\u0101lu. Aug\u0161pus\u0113: sl\u0101pek\u013ca iztvaiko\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101 no\u0101rd\u012bts nitr\u012bda sl\u0101nis. Apak\u0161\u0101: p\u0101rdzes\u0113ta austen\u012bta transform\u0101cijas produkti, kas veidojas straujas dzes\u0113\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos. <\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u012bda metin\u0101\u0161anas galdi - vair\u0101k probl\u0113mu nek\u0101 ieguvumu.<\/em><\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lai gan no pirm\u0101 acu uzmetiena nitr\u012bd\u0113\u0161ana \u0161\u0137iet sapr\u0101t\u012bga, praks\u0113 nitr\u012bd\u0113tais sl\u0101nis ir p\u0101r\u0101k trausls, lai iztur\u0113tu skarbos metin\u0101\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cus. T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai aizsarg\u0101tu galdu, tas plais\u0101 karstuma un \u0161\u013cakatu d\u0113\u013c. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitr\u012bd\u0113tais sl\u0101nis nepadara metin\u0101\u0161anas galdus iztur\u012bgus pret metin\u0101\u0161anas \u0161\u013cakatu un aiz\u0137er\u0161anos degrad\u0113jo\u0161o ietekmi. <\/strong> \u0160\u0137idr\u0101 met\u0101la pilienu termisk\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas rezult\u0101t\u0101 nitr\u012bd\u0113taj\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b veidojas \u0161\u0137\u0113rsvirziena plaisas, garenvirziena plaisas un nosl\u0101\u0146o\u0161an\u0101s. No\u0146emot \u0161\u013cakatas, no viet\u0101m, kur nitr\u012bd\u0113tais sl\u0101nis ir degrad\u0113jies, atdal\u0101s t\u0101 fragmenti <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secin\u0101jumi klientiem<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ja v\u0113laties iztur\u012bgu metin\u0101\u0161anas galdu, lab\u0101k izvairieties no nitr\u012bd\u0113tiem mode\u013ciem<\/strong>. Lai gan \u0161is process sola ciet\u012bbu un elast\u012bbu, realit\u0101t\u0113 \u0161ie galdi metin\u0101\u0161anas proces\u0101 \u0101tri boj\u0101jas<\/strong>. Vai viet\u0101, lai p\u0101rmaks\u0101tu par nitrid\u0113\u0161anu, ir v\u0113rts ieguld\u012bt l\u012bdzek\u013cus iztur\u012bgos metin\u0101\u0161anas galdos bez \u0161\u012b sl\u0101\u0146a<\/strong>. No iztur\u012bga t\u0113rauda izgatavoti galdi bez nevajadz\u012bgiem papildu p\u0101rkl\u0101jumiem lab\u0101k darbosies smagos metin\u0101\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos un b\u016bs iztur\u012bg\u0101ki pret karstumu un boj\u0101jumiem. Vien\u012bgais veids, k\u0101 nov\u0113rst \u0161\u013cakatu pielip\u0161anu, ir izmantot p\u0101rbaud\u012btus \u0137\u012bmiskos l\u012bdzek\u013cus pret \u0161\u013cakat\u0101m.<\/p>\n\n\n

PL Degradacja warstwy azotowanej stali pod dzia\u0142aniem odprysk\u00f3w spawalniczych i zajarze\u0144 \u0142uku elektrycznego.<\/div>